Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation are both major burdens on the health care system worldwide.Several observational studies have reported clinical associations between CKD and atrial fibrillation; however, causal cookies portable dab rig relationships between these conditions remain to be elucidated due to possible bias by confounders and reverse causations.Here, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using publicly available summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (the CKDGen consortium and the UK Biobank) to investigate causal associations between CKD and atrial fibrillation/flutter in the European population.Our study suggested a causal effect of the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter on the decrease in serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and revealed a causal effect of the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter on the risk of CKD (odds ratio, 9.
39 per doubling odds ratio of atrial fibrillation/flutter; 95% coefficient interval, 2.39-37.0; P = 0.001), 711719541028 while the causal effect of the decrease in eGFR on the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter was unlikely.
However, careful interpretation and further studies are warranted, as the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.Further, our sample size was relatively small and selection bias was possible.